Analysis Of Radicalisation And Extremism Criminology Essay

Analysis Of Radicalisation And Extremism Criminology Essay Radicalisation is a complex term which has different meanings and can be used in different contexts. To be radicalised does not necessarily mean that one has to resort to violence or terrorism. It is not a synonym to extreme religious teachings or activities either. Radicalism can be intolerant behaviour or intolerance towards the views of other people. It can be intolerance towards homosexuality, ethnicity, race, colour, religion. Being radical can be intolerance towards the western culture or Asian immigrants living in Britain as well. The US Southern Baptists do not recognise homosexuality as a valid alternative lifestyle (Kahn, 2006). The army of God, a Christian extremist group in the US murders doctors who practice abortion (Gray, 2007). A former Dutch immigration minister sought to deny asylum to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Iranians, threatening to deport them back to Iran which imposes a death penalty on homosexual conduct (Human Rights Watch, 2007). Do the above examples not illustrate radical and extremist behaviour? Therefore Radicalisation can vary from having extreme views about something to intolerant behaviour towards certain people, to violent radicalisation which has severe consequences. For the purpose of this research we shall look into extremist radicalisation or violent radicalisation with religious or political aims. According to Precht (2007), â€Å"Radicalisation is a process of adopting an extremist belief system and the willingness to use, support, or facilitate violence and fear as a method of effecting changes in society†. In this definition we can see that a person is radicalised when they adopt an extremist belief system and perceive society as defective and aim to change it through non-violent or violent ways. There is a very fine line between extremism and radicalisation. According to Archbishop Desmond Tutu â€Å"extremism is when you do not allow for a different point of view; when you hold your own views as being quite exclusive; when you don’t allow for the possibility of difference† (Tutu, 2006). One could argue that there is nothing wrong with extremism or radicalisation, as it does not necessarily lead to violence but on the other hand the very fine line can easily be crossed over. However when extremism starts to have a political end, for example to force governments to the table of negotiation or to changes in policy it then converges into radicalisation (Davies, 2008). And when the willingness to use violence for a political or religious change combines with this radicalisation it can lead to terrorism. Radicalisation is a process where an individual adopts extreme political or religious ideas and goals, becoming convinced that the attainment of these goals justifies extreme methods (Ongering, 2007). In the context of this research we shall look into Islamist radicalisation or violent Islamism. Before we look into the literature we should not confuse the terms Isla m and Islamist. Islam is a religion and the follower of this religion is known as a Muslim not an Islamist. Islamist or Islamism is a term coined by the West to differentiate between Islam the faith or religion and Islamism as the ideology or political Islam.

DECISION MAKING AND INFORMATION POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DECISION MAKING AND INFORMATION POLITICS - Essay Example This discussion includes the exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of my organization’s circumstances and one improvement that I would make to either its structure or process. The IT governance structure and decision-making process in my organization will be a shared one. This structure entails the assigning IT governance duties to five decision-making structures. First, a Technology Architecture Committee would fall under this IT governance structure and be inherent in every operating team (Haes & Van Grembergen, 2014). Each of these teams would be in charge of convening the exclusive requirements of the divisions of the organization. Second, an Enterprise Architect Unit would entail a group of business division IT officials. These officials would take the responsibility of establishing organization-wide criteria for leading the advancements contributions of all functional units (Brisebois, Boyd, and Shadid, n.d.). Third, an IT Council comprised of chief technology officers and chief information officers of every operating team would be part of this governance structure. These representatives would convene monthly to discuss new inventions and methods that the organization can control (Haes & Van Grembergen, 2014). Fourth, a Shared Services Board would comprise of chief information officers and chief financial officers. These officials would convene to pinpoint opportunities to deliver shared IT and fiscal services to the organization. Lastly, an Investment Committee would comprise of a subsection of the executive board that offers ultimate ruling on all of the organization’s big investment plans (Hughes, 2003). Governance structures and decision-making processes echo responsibility for both decisions and contributions made exclusively to those decisions (Haes & Van Grembergen, 2014). This principle applies to my organization’s IT governance structure as well. Five decision-making structures should offer vision as to

What does the experience of school by Japanese youth suggest about the Essay

What does the experience of school by Japanese youth suggest about the education for sustainable development In what ways does it resonate in Malaysia - Essay Example As defined by the World Bank Group, Education is the first step for poverty reduction and to increase human development. It is a primordial element to acquire knowledge. It is stated at the top of every state policy they will implement. Each government makes an effort to improve their system of education, because this will benefit their country, particularly their economy, in the long run. As Milton Freidman stated, the government interferes with its citizens’ education to promote the welfare of the society. An educated individual is a great addition to boost a country’s economic growth and to sustain its future needs, provided that he will be able to apply what he had learned from school. Sustainable development is a concept which deals with the balance on how present demands are meet without compromising the future needs of the young generations. This protects a country from exhausting all its natural resources to meet its present needs without undermining its economi c growth. It is how conflicts should be resolved between the present necessities and the economic development, in order to withstand the upcoming needs. Education for sustainable development is one of the most pressing topics in the world. as discussed in the preceding paragraphs, education is a tool for achieving sustainable development. It provides individuals training, discipline and knowledge. It gives guidance to the future work force. However, though the goal of education for sustainable development is towards a positive result, the idea still has negative implications along the way. ESD not only focused on the academic side of education but also how values are being taught to sustain development. The values formation curriculum varies from one country to another. It depends on how closely knit the cultural ties of a certain country (McKeown, Hopkins, Rizi, &Chrystalbridge 2002). Since the subject on values formation is not universally the same, the approach on the students va ries from one country to another. These problems lead us to the question whether the predicaments in the present education will be able to sustain the impending needs of the future generations. In this paper, a comparative analysis will be presented with regard the education for sustainable development in Japan and Malaysia, and its negative implications to its people. The discussion made on this paper has transcendental importance and must be able to provide us a concrete picture of what is happening in these two countries, and to examine whether such will be advantageous in the long run. Japan and its Economy Japan is one of the most looked up countries, especially in Asia, due to its rapid economic progress. According to Asianinfo.org (2011a), tt is the third largest economy in the world. The currency used by Japan is Yen. It implements a semi-pegged foreign exchange. Japan’s leading industries are manufacturing, construction, communication and distribution. All these sect ors are backed by the country’s labor force (Japan-guide.com 2011). In state.gov (2011) it is stated that the work force in Japan is approximately 65.9 million in 2010, which is divided in three main sectors: Services which is composed of 68 percent of the work force, industry with 28% and agriculture with 4 percent. The literacy rate in Japan in 2010 is an outstanding 99 percent. The literacy statistics show that Japan has an excellent educational system. Education in Japan According to Kaori Okano and Motonori Tsuchiya (1999), education plays a major role on the countries development. Education must be able to cope up with the speedy economic growth of Japan. With that, state

Juvenile delinquency and the family structure Research Proposal

Juvenile delinquency and the family structure - Research Proposal Example a scenario where the mother or the father of a child is a military personnel and is deployed for military missions in other countries. Research has indicated that the deployment of parents (soldiers) is factor that creates a gap between parents and their children especially when they are deployed for extended periods of time: Thus, this leads to a scenario where children lack the necessary parental care. In a research article published by the Worldwide Web 2007, it is indicated that youths within military families lack proper contacts with their parents creating a scenario of inappropriate mentorship. The research also indicated that most of the mentorship programs provided to the youths, those whose parents are on missions, are quite ineffective and need re-evaluation for improvement. The article also indicated that a group of youths who participated in a roundtable meeting acknowledged that due to various psychological stresses caused by the essence of their parents being in overse as missions, compelled them to commit juvenile offenses such as: Underage drinking, truancy as well as the curfew violations. Researchers have asserted that precious and large amounts of resources have been spent on policies and programs that are ineffective, in order to reduce occurrence of juvenile delinquency (Petty 2009). It is therefore imperative to research on probable risk factors, military family being one of them in order to facilitate formulation of effective solutions. Apart from this, my desire to undertake this research is driven by a passion to contribute positively to the current efforts that have been directed towards reduction of delinquency among youths. The method that shall be used for data collection in this research shall include the use of questionnaires, specifically open-ended questionnaires. The use of open-ended questionnaires is imperative owing to the fact that it would create an opportunity for

Consideration of baseline in EIA

Consideration of baseline in EIA Consideration of baseline in EIA Chapter one: Introduction 1.1 EIA and Baseline Environmental impact assessment, EIA was developed in order to provide decision makers with an understanding of the environmental consequences of a proposed development. It provides information on the nature and extent of impacts arising from the construction and operation of proposed projects. This is presented in environmental reports that contain information required by the EIA directives. These required information may include; a description of the proposed project, an outline of main project alternatives, description and assessment of aspects of environment likely to be significantly affected by the proposed development and a description of measures established to manage significant adverse effects on the environment. A key element of EIA is to provide adequate description of the current environment condition, otherwise referred to as baseline assessment. They are often referred to as the environmental setting, existing conditions, affected environment, background environment, environmental conditions, environmental receptors, and baseline data (Shepherd, 2006, Canter 1996, Eccleston, 2001). The need for its consideration in EIA is a topic raised by several researchers (Wood 2003, Glasson et al., 2005, Carroll and Turpin 2009, Lawrence 2003, Morris and Therivel 2009, Wathern, 1992). For them baseline can be regarded as the main support for the EIA process, which identifies existing environmental conditions and relevant potential areas that may be affected by a proposed project. The importance of baseline is also manifested in EU regulations. It is moreover set in EIA directives (schedule 4, part 11) that the current environmental conditions of the study area, its possible future evolution and tech nical deficiencies/ limitation experienced while carrying out the study should be reported in an environmental statement. Studies (Wathern 1992, Glasson et al., 2005; Andre et al., 2004, Wood, 2007) revealed that despite its roles and benefits in the EIA process, the aspects of baseline considered remains substandard. Questions on the definition, methodology, specific aspects to be considered, remain an issue. 1.2 Contextual review Baseline is a preliminary step in the EIA process which is implemented in the UK through the Town and Country planning (SI 1999 N0 293) Regulations 1988 and the subsequent 1999, 2000, 2006, 2008 amendments. Theories have revealed though it is recognized that collection of appropriate and sufficient, baseline data can be time consuming and expensive. In spite of this, the value of this information can produce a significant outcome on the quality of the overall EIA process. 1.3 The research This research intends to address the subject of baseline in EIA process. It will look specifically at the influence of baseline on the EIA process. It begins by describing the origins and principle of EIA with particular reference to its legislative beginnings, secondly, the issue of good quality baseline and effectiveness of EIA is discussed, research approach is then outlined and the findings of the studies are presented and analysed. The findings of the research are considered in comparison with the literature, with reference to its more substantive purposes before drawing conclusions and possible recommendations. Moreover, there has been limited investigation to date on baseline and how it influences the out come of EIA process in practice. It is therefore expected that this dissertation would add to the knowledge on baseline and make recommendations on baseline implementation in EIA process. 1.4 Aim Overall aim is: To determine how baseline influence EIA process decision making and promote the importance of baseline in EIA process. 1.5 Research questions and Hypothesis In order to pursue the aim identified above, a set of research questions have been developed which when answered enable the research aims to be achieved. Responding to this question is the focus of the dissertation. Questions to be answered include: How are baseline currently addressed in ES? Does adequate baseline study influence EIA decision making process? For this research the hypothesis has been formulated that: Good baseline quality contributes to effectiveness of the EIA process The formulation of this hypothesis was influenced by the EIA regulation requirement for baseline information and also limited knowledge on baseline influence in EIA decision making process. 1.5 Dissertation structure Based on the research aims and hypothesis the structure of the dissertation is divided into seven chapters and is set as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction The dissertation begins with an introductory part to set out an overview of EIA process, explaining how the baseline fits into the EIA process. The research aim is then identified and hypothesis is formulated and justified for the purpose of this research. A brief summary of the research approach and contents of subsequent chapters are then revealed. Chapter 2: Methodology This chapter outlines the research methodology, the parameters of the literature search, selection of relevant information and research limitations. Provides details of evaluation framework developed to analyse the chosen environmental statements, relevant planning files and interview approach and structure. Chapter 3: Background Following the methodology, this chapter sets out a literature review as the backbone of this research. The structure of the literature review is based on EIA and baseline. It starts by examining the concept of EIA and it various steps; attention is based more on how baseline fits into the overall EIA process. Chapter 4: Criteria for effective EIA process and good practice baseline This chapter sets out the first stage of the methodology. It explores the terms used in developing the research hypotheses i.e. effective EIA and good quality baseline in order to develop a checklist for the review. This was achieved by information from various researchers who have studied EIA effectiveness and good practice baseline and also notes from existing guidance documents and existing EIA/EIS review criteria. Chapter 5: Presentation of result and analysis This chapter Outlines presentation of results and analysis of the interviews and reviews of EISs. Details on results and findings of the 3 research are then discussed, linking the theoretical perspectives and frameworks discussed to that of practice. Chapter 6: Conclusion Finally, the conclusion is drawn whilst connecting the research hypothesis and literature review to the content of the dissertation, limitation is outlined and recommendations are drawn. Appendices: Relevant appendices of supporting information follow a bibliography of information sources. Appendix A lists acronyms used in this research, Appendix B lists EIA directive requirements of information to be presented on the ES. Appendix C lists the summary of the four statements reviewed, a summary of the interview together with their individual responses are attached as appendix D. A summary of the findings of the review are then attached as appendix E. 1.7 Relevance of the research topic to course of study The course of study Environmental assessment and management deals with natural resource management and planning. Specifically, management of the environment and project coordination. EIA was introduced as an environmental management tool its purpose and principle plays an important role in planning system of UK environment. It involves assessment of a specific environment to identify impacts and develop measures of controlling the impacts that may occur as a result of a proposed development in order to enhance the environment. Baseline is an initial step in the EIA. There have been numerous questions on how EIA achieves its primary purposes. In this case, it is important to evaluate baseline which is one of the initial steps to highlight how it helps achieve its purposes. In general, the course aims to provide student with an understanding of principles methods and procedure in EAM. EIA is central to environment assessment and management. Hence, it is evident that the research topic is relevant to the course of study and its proposed aim is expected to be achieved. 1.8 Overview In summary, the EIA regulation indicates that the data required for any project which is likely to generate significant environmental effects must be assessed and stated in an environmental statement. In addition, the influence of baseline on outcome of EIA is limited. This research sets out to address this issue. For this purpose, research aim and hypothesis have been developed, to set out research questions in order to identify a focus of the research. A methodology adopted for this purpose is exposed in the next chapter. Drawing generalization from research investigation and providing information for subsequent replication of studies, suggestions are made about the types of information to include when describing baseline conditions in this research.

Sumthn Called Music :: essays research papers

Punk Music in North America: November 7th From Yesteryear to Here Punk music is a unique form of music which incorporates heavy, raw and distorted guitars; intricate, deep sounding bass lines; high paced, pounding drum beats; and vocals that catapult ideologies of a world run by anarchy. Punk is a form of underground music which appeals to people who are either bored or dissatisfied with the way the world works. In The Merriam Webster Dictionary the definition of the word punk is; a young inexperienced person or a petty hoodlum.1 This is the typical stereotype which is associated with punk. This definition is far too vague and neglects to mention that punk is also a form of music. Punk is a relatively new form of music in the music world that originated out of New York ¹s club scene in the mid sixties. Ed Sanders and Tuli Kupferberg were two members of a band called the Fugs. These two men played a very important role in the foundation of punk music. They often performed in a bar called Dom which could be found in the basement of a night club called The Electric Circus. They tried to get their music played in other clubs but it was usually rejected due to the controversial and offensive subject matter that they used in their music. The Fugs refused to change their style because their originality was really all they had going for them. The band did however manage to influence other bands to go punk.2 More and more bands in New York started to follow this new trend of underground music. The styles of these spawning bands followed the obscene and offensive style of the Fugs. Bands such as Dave Peel and the Lower East Side and Velvet Underground were bands that were greatly inspired by the Fugs. The punk scene also exploded in Detroit. Iggy Pop, former drummer for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, started the band known as the Stooges. The Stooges were a very unusual and outrageous band. Their live performances often left their audiences in awe due to the strangeness of Iggy Pop ¹s actions on stage. He would contort and mutilate his body, and he was the first member of a band to attempt stage diving. The Stooges were the first actual band in North America used to describe punk music.3 The question that surfaced amongst people who were not in the punk scene was,  ³Why?

Ibm- Overcome the Stress of Can’t Take Off

How might IBM go about improving its flexible vacation policy to help alleviate some of the stress experience by employees who feel like they can’t take time off? The flexible vacation policy is aim to give employees the option to take limitless days off creates a better work environment. Employees have the autonomy to manage their own workload and take vacation, sick or personal days whenever they need to and for as long as they need. There is no unused time at the end of the year, there is no carry forward into the next year, and there is no payout of accrued days when the employment relationship ends.Flexible vacation policy can increase the productivity since the employee can choose the where the location they doing their job and when they are doing, these can lead employees more willing to contribute to the organization if they felt their working environment is comfortable. Otherwise, the traditional vacation policy allocates a specific number of vacation, sickness, and p ersonal days to each employee depending on length of time at the company. Sometimes employees are able to carry over a certain portion of unused vacation time into a new year or they can sell back their unused days to the company.To tracking these days off using costly and time consuming accounting and administration methods. Now there are many companies using flexible vacation policy, such as Netflix, IBM, or Morningstar. Since 2003, IBM had flexible vacation time for every employee. People who work for the company simply give their supervisors a heads up, but otherwise, take time off when they want it. Instead of tracking the hours of employees work, the electronics company has implemented what it calls a â€Å"results only work environment,† where workers are measured on achievement alone.Although flexibility vacation policy can be benefits to the organization, supervisor and employee, flexible work arrangements but it also pose a series of challenges and disadvantages. Th e stresses experienced by employees who feel like they can’t take time off mostly due to the ongoing project which in on hand, and many colleague taking time off all the same time. These are the two reasons always caused discontented happened in an organization. To deal with these problems IBM trying out a new vacation policy, in which fixed vacation rules are replaced by informal agreements between employees and their immediate supervisor.The guiding principle is that the work must get done. As long as this is the case, employees can take as much vacation as they want, even on short notice. Avoid ruining the beautiful vacation by being call back during the vacation it is better to hand over or replace the job to someone or make sure the task is fully completed before the holiday tune is on. To make this policy going on effectively that is needed the cooperation of all employees because supervisor concerns about equity.Supervisors worry about being fair to employees when they know everyone can’t have flexibility. The key is making sure that the process is the same that every employee’s request is fairly considered, even though the outcome may vary. The present of technology in flexible vacation policy may help IBM to overcome the problem of having many colleagues taking vacation at the same time. IBM can create a page for all IBM’s workers-the management information system, to update the newest information and the vacation date employees wanted or planning to take off.Management of information system is any organized of people, hardware, software, communication networks, data resources and policies and procedures that store, retrieves, transforms and disseminates information in an organization. The system can reduce the chance of error occur, such as forgot to inform their head or supervisor, clash date with colleagues vacation date and so on. To manage this page is needed a person to in charge, to allocate employees leave or vacati on based on the system data which updated by employees. Even there is flexible vacation policy but still need some workforce to carry on the organization activities.Besides that, the communications between organization, supervisor and employee also can reduce the imbalance emotion of the workforce because of they can’t take time off. Annual or semi-annually meeting or a gathering for all workers should be maintain even because of the technology’s reach can provide non specific location for workers to contact with their supervisor or head via computer or cell phone by using video conference, e-mail, mms and so on, but a face-to-face meeting can brings a lot of advantages sometimes. It can avoid conflict happened by using text conversation, it can shows the sincerity and so on.No matter how flexible the vacation policy is, the contraction between all stages of workforce should be maintain and fix in a time. Example, a general meeting of every department in held on every second week of the month, it is the chance for each department head to meet their workforce and share the newest information in between them. Other than that, company should organize two or more person work in a team so that if one of the member who take day off, there is another person who will replace the position, it can reduce the cases of calling back the worker who is on vacation.Synergy always can make task to be more efficiency and done with more effectively. If use this way, it brings a lot of advantages. First of all, colleague of the member who is on vacation can response on the continuing job which can save more time and money. Second, it can increase the satisfaction of workers inside the company because they can get their happiness vacation without the obstruction of the job. Grouping work can also increase the effectiveness and efficiency. †¢ Resisting change.Whether it’s the labor shortage, or labor mismatch, the brain drain, the traffic, the new demograp hics, or technology, there are many profound and reasonable reasons to change the way we work. Being proactive in the face of change is much better than being reactive in this fast-paced business environment. Fears of abuse. There are some employees who may take advantage of their work situation, no matter what the policy. As one supervisor put it, â€Å"There are always a few bad apples. They have to be dealt with.It’s much better to manage for the good apples. † If employees are well managed, abuses will be kept to a minimum whether the employee works on a flexible arrangement or not. †¢ Skeletons in the closet. Just because flexibility was tried with one employee in the past and didn’t work doesn’t mean that the same outcome is inevitable if it is tried again—especially if the individual is well matched with the flexible arrangement. Mistakes can be used as important tools in making improvements. It takes more time to manage. Interviews wit h managers at JPMorgan Chase who supervise employees using some flexible work arrangement reveal far fewer problems than managers anticipated: 95 percent of managers say it does not require more time to manage people on flexible arrangements; 88 percent of managers who are managing employees on flexible work arrangements report no negative impact on their ability to supervise; and 66 percent say managing flexible work arrangements enhanced their management skills.